Which of the following is categorized as an intangible asset?

Goodwill is categorized as an intangible asset because it represents the value of a company's brand, customer relationships, employee relations, and other factors that contribute to its earning potential but do not have a physical presence. Intangible assets are non-physical resources that can provide long-term benefits to a business, and goodwill is specifically recognized when a company acquires another company for more than the fair value of its identifiable net assets. This excess payment reflects the competitive advantage, reputation, and customer loyalty associated with the acquired entity, which cannot be seen or touched, distinguishing it from tangible assets like land, buildings, and equipment, all of which have physical substance and can be seen or measured.