What does the statement of changes in equity represent?

The statement of changes in equity is primarily designed to illustrate how the equity of the owners in the business has changed over a specific accounting period. This statement includes various components, such as contributions from owners, distributions to owners (like dividends), and the effects of profits or losses on the owner's equity. By presenting these changes, the statement provides a clear picture of the owners' financial interest and commitment to the business.

The focus is on how decisions and events such as earnings and investments impact equity, which is critical for stakeholders assessing the overall financial health and performance of the business. This helps users to understand not just the amount of equity at the start and end of a period, but also the actions and events that influenced those values.

The other options do not accurately reflect the purpose of the statement of changes in equity. A summary of cash transactions would pertain more to the cash flow statement, operational efficiency would be reflected in other financial analysis, and documents for tax purposes would relate to tax filings rather than changes in equity.