How is depreciation classified in accounting?

Depreciation is classified as a non-cash expense because it represents the allocation of the cost of a tangible fixed asset over its useful life, rather than an actual cash outflow during the accounting period. When an asset such as machinery, equipment, or buildings is purchased, the expenditure occurs at the time of purchase. However, since depreciation spreads this cost over several periods, there is no cash movement involved when depreciation is recognized on the income statement.

This classification is important for financial analysis, as non-cash expenses can affect profitability and taxable income without impacting cash flow. Recognizing depreciation as a non-cash expense allows businesses to accurately reflect their financial performance while managing cash resources effectively.

Understanding the nature of depreciation helps accountants and stakeholders assess the true cost of using fixed assets over time, supporting better decision-making regarding asset management.